Termites are one of the most destructive pests in Louisiana. They are small, unseen invaders that can quickly cause significant damage to a home without the homeowner even knowing. Understanding the biology and habits of termites is the first step in protecting your home from this costly pest. This article will provide an introduction to Louisiana termites, their behavior and the most effective methods of controlling them.
What are Termites?
- Termites are small insects that belong to the order Isoptera.
- They live in colonies and feed on wood, leaves, grass, and other plant materials.
- Termites are usually found in moist environments, such as in soil and wood.
- They can cause extensive damage to buildings and other structures by eating away at the wood.
- Termites are divided into three main types: subterranean, drywood, and dampwood.
- Subterranean termites live underground and feed on wood and other materials in the soil.
- Drywood termites live inside the wood they are feeding on and do not require contact with the soil.
- Dampwood termites are typically found in damp or decaying wood.
Types of Termites in Louisiana
- Subterranean Termites
- Drywood Termites
- Formosan Termites
Subterranean termites are the most common species of termite found in Louisiana. They are known to build large colonies and can be found in soil near wood structures. The colony is comprised of a queen, workers, and winged reproductives. Subterranean termites feed on both cellulose and plant material and require contact with soil to survive.
Drywood termites are also common in Louisiana. They live in dry, undecayed wood and can be found in wooden structures, including furniture, doors, and window frames. Drywood termites feed on cellulose and build colonies that contain the king, queen, workers, and winged reproductives.
Formosan termites are the most destructive species of termite in Louisiana. They are known to build large colonies that can contain hundreds of thousands of individuals. They feed on wood and plant material and can cause extensive damage to buildings and other structures. Formosan termites have been found in all areas of the state.
Signs of Termites in Louisiana
| Signs | Description |
|---|---|
| Mud Tubes | Termites build mud tubes to protect themselves from the elements and to provide a passageway from the ground to the wood they’re consuming. |
| Discarded Wings | Termites shed their wings after mating, leaving piles of wings near windows and doors as evidence of an infestation. |
| Damaged Wood | Termites consume wood from the inside out, leaving a thin outer layer that may appear blistered or cracked. |
| Droppings | Termites leave small, dark droppings that look like sawdust, which can often be seen near the base of infested wood. |
Treatment and Prevention of Termites in Louisiana
Termites are a serious pest in Louisiana and must be proactively managed. The most important step in termite management is proper identification of the species of termite present. Different species of termites require different approaches to treatment and prevention. All termite treatments should be conducted by a licensed professional.
The most common species of termite in Louisiana is the subterranean termite. Subterranean termites cause billions of dollars in property damage in the United States each year. They feed on cellulose-based materials found in wood and other plants. The best way to prevent and treat subterranean termites is to create a physical barrier between the soil and the structure. This barrier should be at least six inches thick and constructed of materials such as concrete, metal, or plastic.
Another common species in Louisiana is the drywood termite. These termites are much less destructive than subterranean termites, but they can still cause significant damage to wood structures. The best way to prevent and treat drywood termites is to eliminate any moisture sources in and around the structure. This includes repairing leaky pipes and fixtures, clearing debris from gutters and downspouts, and ensuring proper drainage away from the structure.
In addition to physical barriers and eliminating moisture sources, there are chemical treatments available for termites. The most commonly used chemical treatments are baiting systems, liquid insecticides, and fumigation. Baiting systems involve placing bait stations in the ground around the structure. The bait stations contain a slow-acting insecticide that attracts and kills the termites. Liquid insecticides are applied directly to the infested area and can be effective in eliminating termites. Fumigation is a more comprehensive approach to termite control and involves the application of a gas or aerosol insecticide.
By following the steps outlined above, homeowners and businesses can help protect their property from termite damage. It is important to remember that termite treatments should be conducted by a licensed professional. If termites are discovered, contact a pest control professional immediately to assess the situation and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Life Cycle of Termites in Louisiana
Termites are social insects that live in colonies. They have a complex life cycle, which involves several stages that they must go through before they become adults. In Louisiana, the most common type of termite is the subterranean termite, which is found in both urban and rural areas.
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| Egg | The queen lays eggs, which hatch into larvae. |
| Larva | The larvae molt several times, eventually becoming nymphs. |
| Nymph | Nymphs molt several times, eventually becoming winged adult termites. |
| Winged Adult | Winged adults (swarmers) fly away from their colony to find new places to start their own colonies. They shed their wings after they find a suitable place to start a colony. |
| Soldier | Soldiers are responsible for defending the colony from predators. They are larger than workers and have large mandibles. |
| Worker | Workers are responsible for maintaining the nest, gathering food, and caring for the young. They are smaller than soldiers and lack wings. |
The life cycle of a termite in Louisiana typically takes about two to three months. After the swarmer termites establish a new colony, the queen begins laying eggs. These eggs hatch into larvae, which then molt several times to become nymphs. The nymphs molt several more times to become winged adults, which then fly away from their colony to find new places to start their own colonies. After landing, the swarmers shed their wings and become either soldiers or workers, depending on their role in the new colony. The soldiers are responsible for defending the colony from predators, while the workers are responsible for maintaining the nest, gathering food, and caring for the young.
Once the new colony is established, the queen will continue to lay eggs, and the life cycle of the termites in Louisiana will continue.
Impact of Termites in Louisiana
- Cause damage to wooden structures including buildings, furniture, and fences
- Cause destruction to paper products, books, and wallpaper
- Cause deterioration of insulation, plastic, and rubber
- Cause damage to electrical wiring and insulation
- Can cause health problems such as asthma, allergies, and skin irritation
- Can cause costly repairs that can be thousands of dollars
- Can infest other structures such as sheds and barns
- Can cause damage to crops and vegetation
Control Methods of Termites in Louisiana
- Baiting: This method involves installing bait stations around the perimeter of the building to attract termites. The bait stations contain food that is attractive to termites and when they feed on it, they also ingest a slow-acting insecticide. This eventually kills the colony.
- Chemical Barrier: This is the most common and effective method of termite control. It involves applying an insecticide to the soil around the foundation of the building. This creates a barrier that repels and kills termites that come into contact with it.
- Fumigation: This method involves using a gas to penetrate the wood of the building and kill termites. This is a very effective method but it is also expensive and can be dangerous if not done properly.
- Heat Treatment: This method involves using heated air to penetrate the wood of the building and kill termites. This is a relatively new method and is becoming more popular as it is effective and does not involve the use of chemicals.
- Exterior Treatments: This method involves applying an insecticide to the exterior of the building to repel and kill termites. This is a good option for smaller infestations but it is not as effective as the other methods for larger infestations.
- Wood Replacement: This is the most drastic method and involves removing and replacing any wood that has been infested by termites. This method is very effective but also very expensive and time-consuming.
When do Termites Swarm in Louisiana?
- In the early spring, typically during the months of March and April, termites swarm in Louisiana.
- The swarming activity of termites can last for several weeks or even months.
- Termites will often swarm during the afternoon hours when temperatures are higher.
- Swarming is triggered by warm temperatures and increased humidity.
- Swarming is the reproductive cycle of termites, and usually occurs when the colony has reached maturity.
- Termites typically swarm at night and can be attracted to lights.
- Swarming is an important part of the termite life cycle, as the swarming insects will go on to form new colonies.
Frequently Asked Questions
What type of termites are common in Louisiana?
Subterranean termites are the most common species found in Louisiana. These termites live in underground colonies and build mud tubes to access food sources. Drywood termites are also found in Louisiana, but they tend to be more localized and less pervasive. Formosan subterranean termites are an invasive species found in some parts of Louisiana, and they can cause significant damage to homes.
What are the Signs of a Termite Infestation in Louisiana?
Signs of a termite infestation in Louisiana include swarms of winged insects near windows, doors, and other sources of light; damaged wood, which may appear hollowed out or discolored; mud tubes on the foundation of the home; and discarded wings near windowsills or doorways. Droppings, or “frass,” may also be present, appearing as small wood pellets. Additionally, a musty smell in the home may indicate the presence of termites.
How can I protect my home from Louisiana Termites?
To protect your home from Louisiana termites, it is important to reduce moisture levels around the home by repairing any leaking pipes or faucets, and making sure there is proper ventilation in the crawl spaces, attic, and basement. It is also important to regularly inspect your home for signs of termite activity, such as mud tubes and wings, and to immediately address any signs of infestation. Additionally, sealing cracks and crevices in the foundation, walls, and around windows and doors can help create a barrier that prevents termites from entering the home. Finally, using a professional exterminator to treat the home with a pesticide designed to target termites can be an effective form of protection.
What should I do if I think I have a termite infestation in Louisiana?
If you suspect a termite infestation in Louisiana, it is important to contact a professional pest control company for a thorough inspection and treatment. A licensed pest control professional is trained to identify signs of termite activity such as mud tubes, wood damage, and droppings. Once an infestation is confirmed, the pest control company will recommend a treatment plan to eliminate the termites. Treatment may involve baiting, soil treatments, or fumigation. It is important to follow the recommendations of the pest control company to ensure successful and complete elimination of the termites.
What is the Best Time of Year for Termites to Swarm in Louisiana?
Termites in Louisiana typically swarm in the spring months of March, April and May. The swarms occur at night when the temperature is around 70°F (21°C) and the humidity is high. The swarms are most common in the evenings when the sun is setting. During a swarm, winged reproductive termites are produced from the nest and fly away in search of new areas to colonize.
Conclusion
Louisiana termites can be a serious problem when they invade a home. The best way to protect a home from termite damage is to be aware of the signs of termite activity and to take preventive measures. This includes inspecting the home for signs of termites, such as mud tubes, swarms, and damaged wood, as well as sealing any cracks or crevices where termites can enter the home. Additionally, regular termite inspections and treatments can help protect a home from termite infestations.
